Lalehzar – A Promenade,From Garden to Avenue
دکتر سید محسن
حبیبی
author
دکتر زهرا
اهری
author
text
article
2008
per
Honar-ha-ye Ziba
پردیس هنرهای زیبا_دانشگاه تهران
34
v.
0
no.
2008
https://jhz.ut.ac.ir/article_19405_6cbb7113c3d5fd40359c1090d6099893.pdf
Application of Remote Sensing Data In Change Detection Of Urban Land Uses
بختیار فیضی
زاده
author
فیروز
جعفری
author
حسین نظم
فر
author
text
article
2008
per
Honar-ha-ye Ziba
پردیس هنرهای زیبا_دانشگاه تهران
34
v.
0
no.
2008
https://jhz.ut.ac.ir/article_19406_2a8e7cc266fe5f82072aca9c11561691.pdf
Urban Planning Issues in Earthquake Vulnerability
دکتر محمد مهدی
عزیزی
author
مهندس رضا
اکبری
author
text
article
2008
per
Despite many advances in sciences and knowledge regarding the reduction of earthquake vulnerabilities, such as technical and management sciences, urban planning can also be considered as an effective knowledge that covers a vast society. The recent earthquake experiences have shown that a dominant portion of damages have occurred as a result of neglecting urban planning principles and criteria. The design of urban structure and form, spatial distribution of urban land use and road networks are some urban planning issues that can reduce earthquake vulnerabilities. In the context of urban planning, vulnerability issues and indicators can be considered in vulnerability possibilities by natural and artificial factors, emergency rescue during and after the earthquake, emergency aids and post earthquake reconstruction. The location of urban activities is a very important issue in land use planning. Population and construction densities are challenging issues in urban planning as a whole. While higher density can be considered as an efficient plan in the context of sustainable development, it can be inefficient in the context of earthquake vulnerability. Higher density may result in vast human damages because of the problems in emergency rescue and aids. This research has tried to examine urban planning principles and criteria in Farahzad region, located in the north-west of Tehran. Historically, Farahzad has been an organic and village-based district that is now an internal district of Tehran. The district is located in an inclined area and in the vicinity of one of the Tehran’s faults. Most buildings are deteriorated and the road network is deficient. All these characteristics indicate that Farahzad is a vulnerable area in Tehran. It is notable that there are many similar areas in Tehran that are vulnerable to earthquakes. Moreover, Iran is a country located in the global earthquake zone with many historical outbreaks. Technical methods including GIS (Geographical Information System) and AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) have been used to determine probable earthquake vulnerabilities. The results of research show that increasing the amount of variables such as land slope, population and construction densities, building age and distant from open spaces, can increase the amount of vulnerability. All these negative indicators were seen in Farahzad region. In contrast, increasing some other variables can reduce the vulnerabilities, including distance from faults, lot areas, access based on road wideness, and harmonies in adjacent land use. Although the reduction of earthquake vulnerability should be considered on the basis of many aspects, the process of urban planning can be seen as the most effective factor. The results indicate that consideration and decision taking based on only one variable can not be effective. It is necessary that a complex system of variables, principles, criteria and indicators must be taken into account in the process of urban planning in order to reduce earthquake damages. In this regard, dangerous areas must be determined; guidelines for land subdivision must be enacted; sufficient open spaces must be allocated for emergency rescue and aids; and unsuitable land uses must be transferred to outside of residential areas.
Honar-ha-ye Ziba
پردیس هنرهای زیبا_دانشگاه تهران
34
v.
0
no.
2008
https://jhz.ut.ac.ir/article_19407_cd9b7cd5ce14c458006f963ccb44156c.pdf
Examination of Effective Causes and Factors
خلیل
حاجیپور
author
text
article
2008
per
Honar-ha-ye Ziba
پردیس هنرهای زیبا_دانشگاه تهران
34
v.
0
no.
2008
https://jhz.ut.ac.ir/article_19408_a2f075f851c58383e193bdf466cd1316.pdf
A re-search on minaret
محمد مهدی
حیدری
author
text
article
2008
per
Minaret is a specific physical element in Islamic architecture, which has an ancient record in pre-Islamic Iranian architecture. A host of theories concerning the initiation of minaret could be found in contemporary debates of Architecture. In this article, ziggurats, huge buildings in Mesopotamian civilization and one of essential religious constructions of civilization history, are considered as the progenitors of our minarets. As a consequence of the changes in human perceive of religion and also in association with domestic architectural patterns, this architectural element has faced various changes, both in form and function, in different regions and different rituals; eg. Some experts believe that Minaret had been a sort of milestone used as a guiding symbol in ancient routes of pre-Islamic Iran or it could have been the sign of huge traditional sacred fireplaces in that era. On the other hand there could be find some ideas that insist on the religious role of Minaret even in pre-Islamic Iran as the main trait of it, not its function as a milestone. This element has achieved an important roll in Islamic architecture, to the point that along with domes and gates, minarets have been considered as the main landmarks to enhance the legibility of Islamic cities. Kiani believes that the oldest samples of Minaret are the Iranian pre-Islamic milestones such as Firouzabad milestone and Mamasani milestone in southern Iran and some others in central mosques of Damishgh, Syria and Samerah, Iraq. It could be inferred from the various ideas and approaches towards the initiation and role of Minaret in Iranian architecture and that of its adjacent regions, that Minaret as a symbol of function and specific religious concepts and rituals, is rooted in pre-Islamic eras and has achieved its enhanced status merging with the new concept of the new religion, Islam. Hence, two essential questions may rise: 1-What’s the main stem of these emblematic and gigantic structures in ancient Iran or early Islamic Iraq and Syria? 2-What’s the main incentive of Minarets concentration in this region of the world? The present research intends to assess historically, the overall background and evolution process of minaret in architecture and its status in Islamic architecture in order to provide a reliable response to these sorts of questions. To achieve this objective, the general concept of Minaret, the historical background of this architectural element and evolution in form and function of Minarets in Islamic era are assessed as the major fields of survey. As a result, a diagram of the evolution process, from the ancient ziggurats to the most recent urban landmarks, is presented. The evolution trend of minaret position from the out door to the indoor spaces of the mosque and its transformation trend from a marginal element near the mosque to an essential one with key function in symbolic, geometric, constructional and urban aspects are also assessed and analyzed in this article.
Honar-ha-ye Ziba
پردیس هنرهای زیبا_دانشگاه تهران
34
v.
0
no.
2008
https://jhz.ut.ac.ir/article_19409_d522965b82fb8ff327bdfc24f1c20ee0.pdf
Functional Planning in Structure and It's Influence on Architectural Design
دکتر کتایون تقی
زاده
author
text
article
2008
per
Honar-ha-ye Ziba
پردیس هنرهای زیبا_دانشگاه تهران
34
v.
0
no.
2008
https://jhz.ut.ac.ir/article_19410_f5c72a3875fc9a40b4d24c2b08e43d54.pdf
Semiotics in Product Design
فتانه
محمودی
author
دکتر سیدحبیب الله
لزگی
author
text
article
2008
per
Honar-ha-ye Ziba
پردیس هنرهای زیبا_دانشگاه تهران
34
v.
0
no.
2008
https://jhz.ut.ac.ir/article_19411_1a66a465f0ba6851a33ac72ad83d1e86.pdf
Postmodernism and Theatre
دکتر سید مصطفی
مختاباد
author
text
article
2008
per
Honar-ha-ye Ziba
پردیس هنرهای زیبا_دانشگاه تهران
34
v.
0
no.
2008
https://jhz.ut.ac.ir/article_19412_12d3ffae9147cf01806c77c18405106f.pdf
Satyrical Effects in Dramatic Literature
بنفشه حساس
صدیقی
author
text
article
2008
per
Honar-ha-ye Ziba
پردیس هنرهای زیبا_دانشگاه تهران
34
v.
0
no.
2008
https://jhz.ut.ac.ir/article_19413_c8085f951dce7c3a1f31e922b676776d.pdf
"Family" and "couples" as reflected in a selection of Iranian plays:
دکتر احمد کامیابی
مسک
author
مرضیه
برزوئیان
author
text
article
2008
per
The relationship between art and the society is an established relationship. Creation of an artistic work has a direct relation with the social and cultural atmosphere in which the work is to be created. Even if the work of art does not directly deal with the issues of the society around it, it is inevitably affected by them. The relations and the problems of the "couples", is a theme which has drawn the attention of the Iranian playwrights. Given the fact that most of such plays with the theme of the couples' relations take place in the cultural, economical, political, psychological and traditional venues of the society, this study hopes to shed some light on an almost dark corner of the social criteria of the Iranian people during the current century. Naturally, the issues which pave the way, or extend, the relations among a husband and a wife, cover a much larger field of approaches, which contain the fields of biology, psychology, and anthropology. But it seems that among all these approaches, a sociological approach provides us with the most comprehensive results. This research uses the "reflection" theory as its basis, because it provides a vast panorama of the social structures of today's life through the artistic works. In this work, the most important aspect of "couples" is briefly studied, which is the social status of this institution. Afterwards, based on the different data concerning the different relational aspects of the couples, we have concentrated on those Iranian dramatic works who reflect these relations. We believe that the extraction of the social facts from these works and explaining them within a sociological framework is important and necessary. Therefore, with taking a social and psychological approach, the selected plays have been analyzed. The clearest result of the analysis is the picture provided from a society, which faces the aspects of modern life within a traditional framework. Couples are one of the institutions which are greatly affected by this struggle. On one hand, people are forced to observe the norms and respect the traditional values, and on the other hand, their idealistic spirits call them towards the new horizons in life. The result of this challenge in the relationships of the couples, is the suppression of the idealistic wishes, and the personal aspects of each members of the couple within their family relations. Iranian dramatic literature, regardless the quality or quantity of its success, has always been a committed literature, and has always been affected by the social situations of its time. As opposed to the early assumptions, the number of the plays which have clearly dealt with couples issues are so little. The couples' issues may be placed in two categories, by the use of a delicate boundary: 1-The couple and their internal and family problems (such as familial brutality, physiological problems, and…). 2- The couple facing the social attacks (such as poverty, class struggle, and historical crises).
Honar-ha-ye Ziba
پردیس هنرهای زیبا_دانشگاه تهران
34
v.
0
no.
2008
https://jhz.ut.ac.ir/article_19414_e5e28a3be191c266e0b5053463e44edd.pdf
Appearance of Modern Acting MethodsIn 19th Century and First Half of the 20th Century
دکتر محمدرضا
خاکی
author
text
article
2008
per
Most theoreticians consider the 20th century's theatre the theatre of directors. It is in this century that performance theories became especially important, and the place of the main elements of theatrical creativities (play script, actor, director, design, costumes …) were studied and evaluated from different points of view. One of the most interesting theatre debates in this century deals with the place of actor in theatre; having a variety of schools and methods, the subject of the actor's work has developed to a point that is considered a classical debate. One of the first theatre practitioners who had theories about acting and actors, was Denis Diderot in 18th century. His books, especially Paradox sur le Comedien (The Paradox of Actor ), were collections of his theories about imitation and acting, which were used until the end of 19th century and it is under discussion even today. The 19th century was a period of forming and developing theatre in its modern sense, and the re-evaluation of the importance of actor's role was essentially rooted in theoretical approaches to theatre in that century. Some of the influential directors who had affected the way of acting in theatre were Andre Antoine, Firman Gemier and Logne-Poe in France, and also Constantin Stanislavski, Nemirovitch Danchenko and Vesvolod Meyerhold in Russia. Among them, Stanislavski was the most important one, whose books (An Actor Prepares, Building a Character and Creating a Role) about his actor training system, made a real revolution in theatre and acting method. Between the two world wars, theatre theoreticians, like Antonin Artaud and Bertolt Brecht, proposed new ways in acting, which were very different from realistic acting. For example, in Stanislavski’s system, the actors must imagine a fourth wall (an invisible wall) between themselves and the audience, while in Brechtian theatre "alienation" (verfremdung), meaning putting away the forth wall, imitation and illusion of reality, was introduced. In the beginning of 20th century, many directors paid attention to some old acting styles like "comedia del arte" and also Oriental acting methods. One of them was Meyerhold, who using some of these obsolete styles in his works innovated a new acting style called "Biomechanical Constructivism". Edward Gordon Craig was another director and theoretician who in referral to oriental actors, wished to substitute Sur-marionnettes instead of actors in order to free theatre from literature, music and painting. This article is an attempt to reflect such approaches of those directors while studying the conditions of actors at the end of 19th and beginning of 20th century, and also the effect of the 19th century directors' theories on the thought of the directors of the 20th century, especially where it relates to the work of actor. As a result, we can not name one specific method of acting in contemporary theatre. We have many styles and methods, and to obtain a new definition of actor’s work, we would have to put together and mix many different styles from different directors.
Honar-ha-ye Ziba
پردیس هنرهای زیبا_دانشگاه تهران
34
v.
0
no.
2008
https://jhz.ut.ac.ir/article_19415_39768b9c908f10284cb25971e2c7e4ca.pdf
A Study on the Schools of Tar-playing
داریوش
پیرنیاکان
author
text
article
2008
per
Honar-ha-ye Ziba
پردیس هنرهای زیبا_دانشگاه تهران
34
v.
0
no.
2008
https://jhz.ut.ac.ir/article_19416_57fe813b414993843aab33b27840a6dd.pdf